English  Grammar [अंरेजी व्याकरण ]    






English grammar is the set of rules and conventions that govern the structure and usage of the English language. It encompasses the principles of sentence formation, word order, punctuation, verb tenses, parts of speech, and other aspects that contribute to effective communication in English. Grammar provides a framework for organizing and expressing ideas in a clear and coherent manner.


  1. Parts of Speech:- These are the basic building blocks of sentences, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.

  2. Sentence Structure:- This involves understanding how to construct sentences, including the arrangement of subjects, predicates, objects, and modifiers.

  3. Tense and Aspect:- English verbs change form to indicate the time of an action (past, present, future) and the duration or completion of the action (aspect).

  4. Punctuation:- Proper use of punctuation marks, such as commas, periods, semicolons, and quotation marks, is crucial for conveying meaning and maintaining clarity.

  5. Subject-Verb Agreement: -Ensuring that the subject and verb in a sentence agree in number (singular or plural) is an essential aspect of grammar.

  6. Modifiers:- Adjectives and adverbs are used to modify nouns and verbs, respectively, adding descriptive details to enhance the meaning of a sentence.

  7. Syntax:- The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences is a critical aspect of grammar.

  8. Concord:- Ensuring agreement in gender, number, and person among different elements in a sentence.

  9. Voice:- The active and passive voice affect the way actions are expressed in a sentence.


   Contents     

1.Parts of speech..........................................

2.Noun.........................................................

3.Pronoun....................................................

4.Adjective..................................................

5.Verb..........................................................

6.Adverb......................................................

7.Preposition...............................................

8.Conjunction.............................................

9.Interjection..............................................

10.Number.................................................

11.Gender..................................................

12.Person...................................................

13.Case......................................................

14.Degree of Comparison.........................

15.The Sentence........................................

16.Articles.................................................

17.Verb Forms...........................................

18.Tense.....................................................

19.Changing into Negative........................

20.Changing into interrogative..................

21.Subject-Verb Agreement.......................

22.Infinitive,Gerund and Participle...........

23.Use of Preposition................................

24.Punctuation and use of capital Letters..

25.Voice.....................................................

26.Direct and Indirect Speech...................


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        let get Start.....  

 

 Chapter-01

1.Part of  Speech 

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          अंग्रेजी भाषा  में जितने भी शब्द हैं उनको वाक्यों में कार्य एव प्रयोग के विचार से आठ भागों में बाँटा गया है इनमें से प्रत्येक भाग को Parts of speech कहते हैं 


"All the English words are divided into eight group according to the work they do in a sentence. Each group is called past of speech."



 1.Noun    [ संज्ञा ]                          

2.Pronoun   [सर्वनाम ] 

3.Adjective [विशेषण ]      

4.Verb   [ क्रिया ]

5.Adverb  [क्रियाविशेषण ]

6.Preposition  [lEcU/kokpd ]                           

7.Conjunction  [la;kstd vO;; ]

8.Interjection  [foLe;kfncks/kd ]


Examples:-1. I love my country.  {love-verb}

                   2.She is my love.       {love-Noun}

                   3.This is a fast train. {fast-adjective}

                   4.The boy run fast.   {fast-adverb}

👉 please you carefully see sentence because understand using .

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 2.Noun[संज्ञा ]

परिभाषा :-किसी व्यक्ति,जानवर ,स्थान ,वस्तु ,विचार या अनुभव के नाम को 

संज्ञा  कहते हैं ा 

Definition:-A noun is the name of a person ,animal ,place, thing

feeling or idea is called a Noun.

* Noun is the name of anything.

*A noun is the naming word.

कुछ वाक्य को देखे:-

Ram is a Farmer.

The cow gives milk.

India is a country .

There is book on the table.

My father believes in honesty.

I can't forget his kindness.

Ram, Father तथा father व्यक्तियो  के नाम हैं cow एक जानवर का नाम है 

Milk ,Table तथा Book वस्तुओ के नाम है  India तथा Country स्थान का नाम है Honesty तथा Kindness विचार /अनुभव इन्हें हम Noun कहते है ा 

                                           Types of Noun                                   👇

1.Proper Noun [ व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा ]

2.Common Noun [ जातिवाचक संज्ञा ]

3.Collective Noun [ समूहवाचक संज्ञा ]

4.Material Noun [ द्रव्यवाचक संज्ञा ]

5.Abstract  Noun [भावावाचक  संज्ञा ]

1.Proper Noun( व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा )-किसी व्यक्ति ,स्थान ,जानवर या वस्तु के खास नाम को proper noun कहते है proper का meaning -one's  own. 

Proper Noun-A Proper  noun is the name of particular person ,animal, place or thing.

Ex-Ram ,Shyam, India ,Patna ,Tom,  Moti,Lucy

2.Comman Noun (जाति वाचक संज्ञा )-जिस Noun से किसी खास व्यक्ति ,जानवर ,स्थान या वस्तु का बोध न होकर पूरी जाति या श्रेणी का बोध हो उसे Common Noun कहते है  कमान का meaning  -shared by all of the same Group . 

Common Noun-A Common Noun is a name given in common to every person,animal,placeor thing of the same class or kind . 

 Ex -Boy,Girl,cat,dog,bird,man,table,pen,river,mountain,country.

Leela is a proper Noun, but girl is a common noun.

Manoj is a proper Noun ,but boy is a common noun.

Patna is a proper noun ,but city is a common noun.

Bihar is a proper noun, but state is a common noun.

Moti is a proper Noun, but dog is a Common noun.

India is a proper noun, but country is a common noun.

3.Collective Noun ( समूहवाचक संज्ञा ) :-जिस Noun से एक ही तरह के व्यक्तियो  या वस्तुओ के समूह का बोध हो उसे Collective Noun कहते है 


Collective Noun-A Collective Noun is the name of a number of person or things taken together and spoken of as one whole.

Ex-Class, crowd, army, team, Family, Committee, mob, flock

4.Material Noun ( द्रव्यवाचक संज्ञा ) :-ऐसे Noun जिससे किसी द्रव्य /पदार्थ का बोध हो ,जिसे मापा या तौला  जाता हो परन्तु गिना नहीं जाता हो  जिससे विभिन वस्तुओ का निर्माण होता हो Material Noun कहते है 

Material Noun-A Material Noun is the name of a material substance.

Ex-Water ,Milk ,wood ,gold, iron, stone, oil, paper, wheat


5.Abstract Noun (भाववाचक संज्ञा):-वैसी चीजों के नाम ,जिन्हें देखा या छुआ नहीं जाता हो ,सिर्फ अनुभव किया जाता हो ,Abstract Noun कहलाते हैं  


The names of the things which are not seen or touched but only thought of are called Abstract nouns.

                                        vocabalery                                                    

Goodness- अच्छाई                               Bravery-बहादुरी 

Kindness-दयालु                                   Wisdom-बुद्धिमानी 

Darkness-अंधेरापन                             Weakness-कमजोरी 

Foolishness-मूर्खता                              Richness-अमीरी 

Greatness-महानता                              Sweetness-मिठास 

Sickness-बीमारी                                   Honesty-ईमानदारी 

Beauty-सुन्दरता                                   Truth-सच्चाई 

Laughter-हँसी                                     Love-प्यार 

Sleep- सोना                                         Death-मृत्यु 

Youth- नवजवान                                  Poverty-गरीबी 

Heat-गर्मी                                             Boyhood-लड़कपन 

Childhood- बच्चपन                             Friendship-दोस्ती 


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