Blast Furnance

What is the blast furnace:-Blast furnace is essentially an apparatus for heating the ore in the presence of excess of carbon ,principally in the form of carbon monoxide ,which is the reducing agent .that is ,it combines with the oxygen present in the ore and thus reduces the ore to iron.

History of Blast Furnace 

  • Practically all iron is produced in a blast furnace .
  • The blast furnace has been the world's principle method of iron production for 100 of year.
  • The blast furnace involved  from the 





blast furnace:-

*it is essentially in apparatus for heating the ore in the presence of an excess of an carbon principally in the 

form of carbon monoxide .which is reducing agent.


*all iron (specially pig iron ) are produce in a blast furnace.

*the blast furnace has been the word principle .the method of iron production of 100 year.

                                       construction of blast furnace

it is a large steel cylinder shell lined with fire bricks. the furnace

of red continuously the top is provided with bell arrangement

such arrangement practically prevent the furnace gasses from

spacing in the atmosphere. Blast furnace is the process of iron 

production.

*the height of modern blast furnace is about 30m with maximum

diameter above 8m to 10m.

 1)The hearth ( lower section).

2)The bosh ( middle section ).

3) The stack and charging mechanism ( upper section).

  Main Element of Blast Furnace

1.Hearth:-The hearth is cylindrical and usually lined with refractory carbon bricks.

-The hearth is built on the foundation and serves as a collecting basin for the molten iron and its accompanying slag.

-Near the bottom of the hearth is the tap hole through which the  molten iron is removed and about 1.2 to 1.7 meters above the tap hole is cylinder notch through which the molten slag or cylinder is withdrawn .

-An average depth of hearth is approximately 3.5 meters.

2.Tuyeres:-Tuyeres are located peripherally near the top of hearth and they are the inlets that admit the heated air necessary for combustion and chemical reactions. 

-There are from 10 to 16 Tuyeres spaced at equal intervals around the circumference of the furnace and they are connected to the refractory-lined bustle pipe that distributes the air from the hot blast stoves.

Tuyeres are made of copper or bronze and have internal diameters of 100 to 175 mm.

The Tuyeres are water -cooled and are surrounded by the hollow water-cooled metal coolers.

-In blast furnace operation, the air volume required through the Tuyeres is about 2800 cubic meters per minute at the temperature of about 700 degree centigrade and pressure of 1to 1.4 kg/cm2